Protein-Based Biostimulants to Enhance Plant Growth—State-of-the-Art and Future Direction with Sugar Beet as an Example

Protein-based biostimulants (PBBs) are derived from the hydrolysis of protein-rich raw materials plant and/or animal origins, usually by-products or wastes agro-industries. The active ingredients (AIs) produced by have capacity to influence physiological and metabolic processes in plants, leading enhanced growth, nutrient water-use efficiency, tolerance abiotic biotic stresses, improved crop yield quality. This paper reviews state-of-the-art future opportunities for use PBBs, based on potential effects soil, crops, sustainability (social, economic, environmental). In this case, two examples PBBs (hydrolyzed wheat gluten potato protein) their early growth three sugar beet varieties described discussed. Both a significant stimulating effect development. opportunity develop into superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) is To conclude, PBBs/SAPs developed agro-industrial sustainably supplying water nutrients agricultural systems enhancing development over substantial period.